All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Publication ethics

Ethical standards are crucial to ensure the high quality of scientific publications, credibility of scientific findings, and that authors receive credit for their work.

Copernicus Publications has several policies in place to guarantee high ethical standards. These guidelines can be viewed in the general terms, the general obligations for authors, the general obligations for editors, and the general obligations for referees.

Copernicus Publications is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Copernicus Publications especially recommends COPE’s Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors as well as the Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers as best practice. As a founding member of OASPA, Copernicus Publications also pursues OASPA's principles of transparency and best practices in scholarly publishing.

Amongst other duties, editors have to ensure that all manuscripts received by their journal are reviewed for their scientific content without regard to sex, gender, race, religion, citizenship, etc. of the authors. Furthermore, the editors need to ensure that any information regarding manuscripts submitted by the authors is kept confidential.

The reviews of submitted manuscripts must be done objectively, and the referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. Furthermore, referees need to be aware that any information regarding the manuscripts they are reviewing should be treated as privileged information.

Copernicus Publications itself aims to follow the Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers of COPE by

In addition to the above-mentioned points, authors should be aware in particular about the following:

Originality

In order to avoid ethical violations, all journals published by Copernicus Publications are committed to only publishing original material that was not published before, except in the form of an abstract or proceedings-type publication (including electronic preprints and discussion papers), or that is considered for publication elsewhere. Authors have to agree on that in a consent form and are asked to leave a note in their manuscript about the previous publication. Furthermore, redundant publications ("salami tactic" of publishing small parts of the same research in several papers) should be avoided. Please also view the general terms.

Author contribution and funding statement

All authors listed on a presented scientific work must have contributed a significant part to it. Vice versa, all persons who contributed to the presented work need to be named in the list of authors. In addition, sources of financial support, if any, must be clearly disclosed.

Citation manipulation

Any manipulation of citations (e.g. including citations not contributing to a manuscript's scientific content, citations solely aiming at increasing an author's or a journal’s citations) is regarded as scientific malpractice.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism means the use of any material and ideas developed or created by another person without acknowledging the original source. It is clearly an act of fraud. Editors can get help on how to handle scientific misconduct on COPE's website.